Redshift is a little more complex and ties up more IT management on maintenance due to lack of. 0 / 60 / 24 as diff from mytable t. Push out all due dates by one week. I am looking for solution how to select number of days between two dates without weekends and public holidays. 2. Comparison conditions state logical relationships between two values. What is the Amazon Redshift DATEDIFF function? The Amazon Redshift DATEDIFF function returns the difference between the date parts of two date or time. If a maintenance event is scheduled for a given week, it starts during the assigned 30-minute maintenance window. Each value that Amazon Redshift stores or retrieves has a data type with a fixed set of associated properties. 4-digit, 3-digit, 2-digit, 1-digit International Organization for Standardization (ISO) year number. DateDiff Bigint Datetime in Redshift for Min Difference. See Presto documentation for date_diff()-- the unit is regular varchar, so it needs to go in single quotes: date_diff('day', ts_from, ts_to) Share. Number of weekdays between two dates - StartDate question. The default Redshift date format is YYYY-MM-DD. Share. The following code makes use of concatenation and type casting to achieve the results we need! select (datediff ('sec', created_at, first_purchase_at)::varchar || ' second' )::interval from users. Also to note that: DATEDIFF. I am able to convert above query in dynamic way which gives me the count for previous week which is 43 and it works fine. select to_date ('02 Oct 2001', 'DD Mon YYYY'); to_date ------------ 2001-10-02 (1 row) The following SQL statement converts the string 20010631 to a date. In physics, a redshift is an increase in the wavelength, and corresponding decrease in the frequency and photon energy, of electromagnetic radiation (such as light). Example 1. In the elastic resize, the cluster will be unavailable briefly. Amazon Redshift allocates the workload to the cluster nodes and. usage_limit: character(150) List of usage limit IDs reached by the query. The operator XN PG Query Scan indicates that Amazon Redshift will run a query against the federated PostgreSQL database for this part of the query, we refer to this as the “federated subquery” in this post. A DATE, TIME, TIMETZ, or TIMESTAMP column or an expression that implicitly converts to a DATE, TIME, TIMETZ, or TIMESTAMP. Hey guys, I am created a derived table in Looker and I understand it runs on redshift, as such, I trying to get something similar to below as an aggregated table: I have two tables: Customers and Orders I want to get Cust. Example. We can create a temporary table in redshift by simply prefixing the name of the table in create table command with a keyword temp. You were missing a closing semicolon inside the UPDATE statement. format A string literal that defines the format of the input string , in terms of its date parts. date1, t2. AWS Redshift vs Snowflake: A quick comparison. Trunc function works on both date and numeric types. PostgreSQL - Date Difference in Months. It’s based on PostgreSQL 8. 8XL clusters with equivalently sized Medium, Large and X-Large Snowflake configurations: Redshift is 1. SELECT (EXTRACT(epoch from age('2017-6-15', now())) / 86400)::int In Redshift, you can use date_trunc() (See online documentation). Use the TIMESTAMPTZ data type to input complete timestamp values that include the date, the time of day, and a time zone. Define a DECIMAL column in a table by specifying a precision and scale:Redshift is also a traditional data warehouse designed to tackle Business Intelligence use cases, among other things. The DIFFERENCE function compares the American Soundex codes of two strings. 2. BigQuery also supports a separate DATE_DIFF function that will return the difference between two date types, unlike the DATETIME_DIFF that only supports the datetime type. Parameter description syntax of redshift JSON. The 15 date functions with examples are the most commonly used ones by Redshift developers. For example, SELECT DATEDIFF (day, '2036-03-01', '2036-02-28'); returns -2, hinting that 2036 must be a leap year. time = b. Compares two dates or timestamps and returns the difference in days. person_id AND t1. I'm trying to create function in redshift that will calculate the exactly gap between two dates, like timestampdiff in MySQL. The default timestamp for a date value is 00:00:00. For example, if the data type of a column in a. format A string literal that defines the format of the input string , in. Ex: If start_date = 1/1/2016 15:30 and end_date = 2/1/2016 00:30 then I need the break up with group by start_date: 8+0. The minus sign ( -) can also be used to subtract dates. Consider SQL Server function to calculate the difference between 2 dates in weeks: SQL Server : -- Difference between Dec 22, 2011 and Dec 31, 2011 in weeks SELECT DATEDIFF ( week, '2011-12-22', '2011-12-31') ; -- Result: 1. To calculate the difference between the subfields of the date, Amazon Redshift has the function datediff. With AUTO distribution, Amazon Redshift assigns an optimal distribution style based on the size of the table data. The argument order is in the order of the interval notation: [start_date, end_date] SELECT DATEDIFF( MONTH DATE '2020-02-03', DATE. 0. 0 is for 1/1/1900, and getdate is the current date --(i used a set date bc dates will change as this post gets older). For example, if AUTO distribution style is specified, Amazon Redshift initially assigns the ALL distribution style to a small table. date_trunc works only on the date type. 000' SELECT CAST (@EndTime - @StartTime as Time) As TimeDifference. Datetime types. If the result is positive, the Secure Agent returns negative values and if the result is negative, the positive value is returned. It is known for its ability to scale seamlessly, support petabytes of data storage, and super-fast querying ability. This example uses the current date to find the difference between the current date and a specific date. You can use window functions: select wa. tobymao closed this as completed in #1746 3 weeks ago. GETDATE ()関数 / CURRENT_DATE - 現在時刻 これは、現在の日時を取得するのに使います。. Use the TIMESTAMPTZ data type to input complete timestamp values that include the date, the time of day, and a time zone. Example 5: Use Current Date. 0'. The simplest solution is to create from_unixtime () function: CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION from_unixtime (epoch BIGINT) RETURNS TIMESTAMP AS 'import datetime return datetime. For example, the following command doesn't return an error, even though it sets the time zone to an invalid value. I am trying to calculate difference between two dates in dbeaver connected to apache drill. NOTE: The table I applied the query on had column/field 'datetime' of type 'timestamp'. SELECT * FROM (SELECT CONVERT (timestamp, '1970-01-01 00:00:00') as Fixed_Date, DATEDIFF (Second, Fixed_Date::timestamp, COALESCE (u_time_to_detection::timestamp, fixed_date::timestamp,'1970-01-01 00:00:00') )as TTD_seconds, row_number () over. event_id, evnt. For example, the dateadd() is one of the functions provided by Redshift. CURRENT_DATE returns the start date for the current transaction, not for the start of the current statement. HLLSKETCH type. date_to) * 2) - CASE WHEN DATEPART(DW, evnt. 00 as FLOAT) <. Im working with quantities of times represented as an absolute number of seconds in my data pipeline. DATEDIFF(), and TRUNC. mydatetime, ne. 分析対象SQLの実行. For example, if you are calculating the difference in years between two dates, 12-31-2008 and 01-01-2009, the function returns 1 year despite the fact that these dates are only one day apart. For example, the join condition pg_database. Step 2: Add the Amazon Redshift cluster public key to the host's authorized keys file; Step 3: Configure the host to accept all of the Amazon Redshift cluster's IP addresses; Step 4: Get the public key for the host; Step 5: Create a manifest file; Step 6: Upload the manifest file to an Amazon S3 bucket; Step 7: Run the COPY command to load the data5. date1 > t2. – nrmad. I put 1381 into the dateadd function like so. 6) but when I execute it in Redshift as UDF, it gives me incorrect output. AWS Redshift clusters require some manual maintenance. 9x better. Range. Use cloud databases like Amazon Redshift, MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Oracle. Out of curiosity I executed: select datediff(day, getdate(), current_timestamp); and got the following error: function pg_catalog. With a simple where clause, we tried to filter out rows from the data set. state and a. The formula assumes that Saturday and Sunday are not business days. This function takes two date values and returns the difference between them in the unit specified by the ‘date part’. The problem is not clear but assuming the requirement is to create month end dates between start and end dates with the given interval as months. 5 for 1/1/2016. The expression is one of the following data types: With the argument DISTINCT, the function eliminates all duplicate values from the specified expression before calculating the minimum. The article AWSQuickSolutions: Redshift Table Can’t Be Dropped or Drop Table Hangs helped me find an answer; I didn't realize there was a pendning backend lock on the table. Specifying a period is optional. CREATE TABLE ORDERS ( ID INT , PRODUCT CHAR. amazon-redshift. Sorted by: 1. Learn how to convert timestamps from one time zone to another in Amazon Redshift using the convert_timezone() function. BigQuery also supports a separate DATE_DIFF function that will return the difference between two date types, unlike the DATETIME_DIFF that only supports the datetime type. The Verdict. The values in the CALDATE column are dates. You can directly convert the format by specifying the cast operator ( ‘::’) such as ::date, ::time, ::timestamp after the date string literal. Amazon Redshift automatically takes incremental snapshots that track changes to the cluster since the previous automated snapshot. DATEDIFF(DAY, '8/4/2014', '8/5/2014') +1 You need to add 1 to the DATEDIFF function and it will work as you want. The first argument to datediff () in Redshift is a keyword. *, g. In SQL Server, there is a 3 argument verison of the DATEDIFF () function, where the result produces the number of date part periods between the two dates, with the dates being TRUNC-ed to the relevant date part. DECLARE @Date0 date = '2016-04-07'; -- Thursday. SQL DATEDIFF function syntax in Snowflake, Databricks, and Redshift There may be some minor differences between the argument order and function name for DATEDIFF across data warehouses, but the functionality very much remains the same. Più precisamente, DATEDIFF determina il numero di limiti di parte di data tra due espressioni. To convert a date to a string use the Redshift to_char function as below. AWS Collective See more. cnt_past60_days from. This is actually quite a complex problem because it involves: Hours within a day. Type compatibility and conversion. Value) Your code with this added in: Option Explicit Sub CalculateDays () Dim LastRow As Long Dim StartDate As Date Dim EndDate As Date. Aug 17, 2021 at 11:13. AM or PM. CREATE TABLE TEMP name of the table (name of the columns along with their data types); Where all the. What is the use of DATEDIFF in redshift? Redshift date_trunc. date) between -60 and 0 group by 1 ) select t1. To calculate the difference between two dates in the same column, we use the createdDate column of the registration table and apply the DATEDIFF function on that column. db_id matches the internal database object ID for each PG_DATABASE. Merging files by client id and id. However, since the requirement is to generate monthly reports which I would assume to be a. The following queries show an example of how to calculate the completion_days as the difference between eco_date and orginated_date. time = b. The default timestamp without time zone (TIMESTAMP) format is YYYY-MM-DD HH:MI:SS. This post on Redshift date advanced is intended to simplify the core list of date functions. Redshift joins is used to retrieve data from two or multiple tables using join conditions. 有关更多信息，请参阅 日期或时间戳函数的日期部分 。. Use the TIMESTAMPTZ data type to input complete timestamp values that include the date, the time of day, and a time zone. If you want to get 1. Let’s look at the clear differences between the two. You can create an Amazon Redshift table with a TEXT column, but it is converted to a VARCHAR (256) column that accepts variable-length values with a maximum of 256 characters. The date part to which to truncate the timestamp value. tstamp, TIMESTAMP (timezone=False))) Share. 18. Why is. c_timestamp) from table_1. PDF RSS. datediff () counts the number of boundaries that are crossed between the two date expressions given as second and third argument, expressed in the unit given as first argument. Not the 1st one as it perform unnecessary (unless you really have such unprocessed data) truncate. Introduction to Redshift Image Source: nightingalehq. result: 1381 In my workings, I used the date of 2-14-2015 and it gave me 1381 number of months since 1/1/1900. trunc (created_at_date) between '2014-06-01' and '2014-06-30'; 3. In SQL Server Management Studio, open Object Explorer, expand Server Objects, right-click Linked Servers, and then click New Linked Server. Automated snapshots retain all of the data required to restore a cluster from a snapshot. This guide provides examples of converting timestamps and offers insights into supported time zone names and abbreviations. Hevo with its minimal learning curve can be set up in just a few. start_date < '2016-01-01'::date is doing a proper comparison between two date fields. So, you cannot do what you want that simply. ADVERTISEMENT. The difference between 1st. Then you have to terminate that specific session to solve locking problems. SELECT t1. 1. Usually, redshift is discussed when talking about the expansion of the universe. This is the documentation for the Amazon Redshift Developer Guide - amazon-redshift-developer-guide/r_DATEDIFF_function. At this time, Amazon Redshift version 1. Example 5: Use Current Date. 15 between 2 values that are 1 year, 1 month and 15 days apart. For a list of AWS services that Athena leverages. 3. DATEDIFFの結果は、 expression2 - expression1 の結果が返る。. Redshift クエリのパフォーマンス分析. In my Redshift table I have 2 columns that stores timestamp values: start_date_time and end_date_time. date_from, evnt. There are lots of Python libraries. Create 1 day ranges new_start and new_end. The third parameter is datepart. Redshift will place the query in a paused state temporarily. This question is in a collective: a subcommunity defined by tags with relevant content and experts. Athena charges per-query, based on the bytes of data scanned and rounded up to the nearest MB, at a rate of $5 per terabyte (though this can vary by region). select DATEDIFF(second, sysdate, sysdate + interval '30 seconds') select DATEDIFF(minute, sysdate, sysdate + interval '20 minutes')Redshift is designed for analytic workloads and delivers fast query and I/O performance for any dataset by using 2 key techniques ; columnar storage and massive parallel processing. select datediff (day, saletime, last_day (saletime)) as. general direction might looks like that, although it might require some tuning on a real data I guess. Formats that include a time zone ( TZ, tz, or OF) are not supported as input. The time zone for the return value. Instead: select (case when 1=1 then datediff (month, '2009-01-01', '2009-12-31') else datediff (month, '2009-01-01', '2009-12-31') end) as nummonths; I assume this is oversimplified code, because obviously the case is not needed in any. Your highlighted WHERE clause logic is comparing timeworkedfrom to a date six months earlier than the first of the current month. DATEDIFF. This will draw the distinct pairs of id's and dates out and rejoin them onto the dataset only where the joined dates are earlier than the row in question. most_recent) However, I am running into issues where the timestamp is the same. Test Result (I tested it in Oracle 18c. The following format strings apply to functions such as TO_CHAR. 3. {date|timestamp} A date column, timestamp column, or an expression that implicitly converts to a date or timestamp. Amazon Redshift. 7x less expensive than Snowflake with the purchase of a 1 or 3 year Reserved. A string literal that defines the format of the timestamp value. The following query uses the ADD_MONTHS function inside a TRUNC function. 例えば、 12-31-2008 と 01-01-2009 の 2 つの日付間で年の差を計算しているとします。. how to get datediff of less than 6 days for same equipment. British/French, i. The following queries show an example of how to calculate the completion_days as the difference between eco_date and orginated_date. Redshift Create Table; Redshift DateDiff; ADVERTISEMENT. VARBYTE type. To view a list of supported time zone names, run the following command. Arguments. Database code changes should be tracked in the same version control system as application code. timeworkedfrom >= date_trunc. SET SESSION max_recursion_rows = 500000000; SHOW max_recursion_rows; INSERT INTO facts. Redshift is a little more complex and ties up more IT management on maintenance due to lack of. id, table1. user where createddate >= '2019-09-01' and createddate <= '2019-09-30'. Redshift is highly scalable and can handle spikes in workloads. Unfortunately this. I need to be in this format: if sysdate is 2019-03-01 16:17:57. Just to clarify SQL server seems to require DATEDIFF (datepart, recentDate, olderDate) as startdate and enddate are a bit nebulous. Storage. Create 1 day ranges new_start and new_end. I know that I can do another query to then get the max ID but I would ideally like to just go by timestamp. select 42602 * interval '1 second'; which return 11:50:02 the proper answer. The same query was executed in both the environments. Review the query execution alerts and excessive disk usage. PERCENTILE_CONT(0. 9x to 3. The COPY command is able to read from multiple data files or multiple data streams simultaneously. Thank you. The default Redshift release format is YYYY. datediff (year, dob, current_date + interval '1 year' - interval '1 day') as age. The following shows the syntax of the DATEPART() function:. 880 end date=2004-01-01 00:00:00. Numeric functions to perform operations on numeric data. This function takes two date values and returns the difference between them in the unit specified by the ‘date part’ argument. Amazon Redshift stores these snapshots internally in Amazon S3 by using an encrypted Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) connection. Note: As TT rightfully wrote in his comment,. The following example will always return zero rows due to the. I tested this query on Redshift with the help of Workbench J. Returns the difference between two dates or times for a given date. Amazon Redshift treats decimal values as if they are different static types and allows all mathematical operations. Public Holiday. Our latest blog goes over 5 potential options: 1. person_id = t2. select id, state from data a join (select state, max (time) as most_recent from data group by 1) b on a on a. DATE_DIFF function Examples. date_diff("unknown", timestamp without time zone, timestamp with time zone) does not exist So I guess that current_timestamp returns a timestamp with a timezone and getdate() a timestamp without. For example, adding three months or 12 days to a starting date. In my Redshift table I have 2 columns that stores timestamp values: start_date_time and end_date_time. Each value that Amazon Redshift stores or retrieves has a data type with a fixed set of associated properties. The DATE, TIME, TIMETZ, or TIMESTAMP. Many of the examples use the TICKIT sample data set. Consider SQL Server function to calculate the difference between 2 dates in months: SQL Server : -- Difference between Oct 02, 2011 and Jan 01, 2012 in months SELECT DATEDIFF ( month, '2011-10-02', '2012-01-01') ; -- Result: 3. trunc (created_at_date) between '2014-06-01' and '2014-06-30'; 3. Piotr Findeisen Piotr Findeisen. Elastic resize is the fasted way to resize the cluster. Redshift Date functions: DATE_DIFF function. When you push the DATE_DIFF() function to Amazon Redshift using a Redshift ODBC connection, the Secure Agent incorrectly returns the difference values. sql. select dateadd (m,30, '2008-02-28' ); date_add --------------------- 2008-02-28 00:30:00 (1 row) You can name date parts in full or abbreviate them. For possible values, see Date parts for date or timestamp functions. DATEPART ( date_part ,. Follow. Neste caso, a função retorna 1 ano, apesar do fato de que essas datas são apenas um dia de diferença. Got it :) datex >= DATE (dateadd (DAY,-7, current_date)) SELECT x. We use the following syntax: if <condition> <code_block1> else <code_block2> endif. This often happens only for a few minutes. You can directly convert the format by specifying the cast operator ( ‘::’) such as ::date, ::time, ::timestamp after the date string literal. Now I am trying to make this query dynamic such that it can give me count for past 6 weeks starting from 44 to 39 not including current week something like below as an output: Count Week ------------ 124 W44 125 W43 126 W42 127 W41 128 W40 129 W39. set timezone to ‘xxx36’; ISO-8601 Offset – The offset from UTC in the form ± [hh]: [mm]. Securely store your files in an S3 bucket like unlimited storage, and you can connect it with Cloudfront to serve your content on a CDN network. The function returns an INTEGER to indicate the number of matching characters between the Soundex codes. Boolean type. For example, suppose that you're calculating the difference in years between two dates, 12-31-2008 and 01-01-2009. The range condition includes the begin and end values. The default column name for a DATEADD function is DATE_ADD. 5, if diff is 8 hours - than 0. oid = stv_tbl_perm. You shouldn't be converting to time - it is meant to store a point in time on a single 24h clock, not a duration or interval (even one that is constrained on its own to < 24 hours, which clearly your data is not). El nombre predeterminado de la columna para la función DATEDIFF es DATE_DIFF. Misalnya, anggaplah bahwa Anda menghitung perbedaan dalam tahun antara dua tanggal, 12-31-2008 dan 01-01-2009. For example, if you are calculating the difference in years between two dates, 12-31-2008 and 01-01-2009, the function returns 1 year despite the fact that these dates are only one day apart. SQL Server: -- Get difference in days SELECT DATEDIFF (dd, '2022-09-01', '2022-09-05'); # 4. the data type for the date colunm is timestamp without time zone in redshift. createddate, Datediff (day, table1. * expression2 > expression1 ⇒. id and date_diff('day', t. Firstly, let's look at which data types for time series are supported by Redshift and what kind of data they can hold. So my condition for each week will be like this if I run it manually for each of. 2. How do I go about getting the first date of current year using Redshift? I am familiar with T-SQL/SQL in SSMS but I am not entirely sure how to do this in Redshift. The CASE expression is a conditional expression, similar to if/then/else statements found in other languages. Overview of Amazon Redshift clusters. 500+ Hours of HD Videos 15. Example to retrieve the number of day between 2 timestamps: DATEDIFF('day', timestamp1, timestamp2) DATEDIFF returns a BIGINT, so depending on the expected result you may cast it to string to concatenate it with the 'minute' part and so on, or do something else. g. Syntax DATE_TRUNC ( 'datepart', timestamp) Arguments datepart The date part to which to truncate the timestamp value. 128-bit signed integers with up to 38 digits of precision. If diff is 12 hours, than result should be 0. Value a is less than or equal to value b. When you use the sysdate function with date_diff, be aware that the value the sysdate function returns is datetime. Implementing DATEDIFF in Redshift simply computes the difference between two dates or timestamps. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. For a list of valid day, month, and year formats, see Datetime format strings. A COPY command is the most efficient way to load a table. The values in the SALETIME column are timestamps. It appears that Redshift supports two possible functions for computing a time interval distance between two DATE -like objects: DATEDIFF () & date_diff (). sql. Note. DATEDIFF. select to_date (year_to_month,'yyyymm') - interval '12' month. Redshift Date functions: DATE_DIFF function. Consider the scenario where you start a transaction containing multiple statements on 10/01/08 23:59, and the statement containing CURRENT_DATE runs at 10/02/08 00:00. Source: Based on the solution here. Improve this answer. DATEDIFF(MONTH, 0, '2-14-2015') --returns month. Data types are declared when tables are created. Amazon Redshift allows users to query data, either by connecting with their desired cluster and then executing queries using the AWS Query Editor or by using an external SQL-based client such as MySQL Workbench. These strings can contain datetime separators (such as ' - ', ' / ', or ': ') and the following "dateparts" and. Snowflake separates compute from storage, allowing for flexible pricing and configuration. Each cluster runs an Amazon Redshift engine and contains one or more databases. Neste caso, a função retorna 1 ano, apesar do fato de que essas datas são apenas um dia de diferença. In case this doesn’t work, reboot your cluster. (DATEDIFF(sec,starttime,endtime)) avg_duration, MIN(starttime) as oldest_ts,. You can extract part of a timestamp by applying the EXTRACT. 500+ Hours of HD Videos 15 Learning. DATEDIFF. id, count(*) cnt_past60_days from mytable t join dates d on t. The following example returns the date of the last day in the current month. After you run a query, a Result tab appears with the results. すでに実行されたSQLを分析したい場合は、そのSQLを実行した接続ユーザ（もしくはスーパーユーザ）でRedshiftに接続し、. Follow. I spent some time looking for the best answer, and I think I have it. 2 Answers. timeworkedfrom >= DATEADD (MONTH, -6, DATEADD (month, DATEDIFF (month, 0, GETDATE ()), 0)) to this: AND be. state and a. You can find explanations for each recommendation in the console, as described preceding. These strings can contain datetime separators (such as ' - ', ' / ', or ': ') and the following "dateparts" and "timeparts". redshift datediff not working when current_timestamp is used but working when getdate() function is used. The base case is one the first interval and if both dates are on the same day then you dont need change anything. You may change this: AND be. Categories: Date/Time. CASE is used to specify a result when there are multiple conditions. Your highlighted WHERE clause logic is comparing timeworkedfrom to a date six months earlier than the first of the current month. purchase_date) between 0 and 2 ORDER BY. You can use these interval literals in conditions and calculations that involve datetime expressions. startDate: A DATE or TIMESTAMP expression. The syntax of creating the temporary table by using this method is as shown below –. Recommended Articles. Step 2: Add the Amazon Redshift cluster public key to the host's authorized keys file; Step 3: Configure the host to accept all of the Amazon Redshift cluster's IP addresses; Step 4: Get the public key for the host; Step 5: Create a manifest file; Step 6: Upload the manifest file to an Amazon S3 bucket; Step 7: Run the COPY command to load the dataRedshift is a one of the most popular data warehousing solution, thousands of companies running millions of ETL jobs everyday. Returns the <date> with the specified number <interval> added to the specified <date_part> of that date. The time zone can be specified as a time zone name (such as 'Africa/Kampala' or 'Singapore') or as a time zone abbreviation (such as 'UTC' or 'PDT' ). This can be replace by a recursive CTE (or keep a "dates" table on your database). The subfield of a date or time to extract, such as a day, month, year, hour, minute, second, millisecond, or microsecond. Many companies are using Amazon Redshift to analyze and transform their data. created_at_date >= '2014-06-01 00:00:00' and created_at_date <= '2014-06-30 23:59:59'. The input timestamp is truncated to the.